2021 had a research & development by higher education, as percentage of gdp of 0.59% in Estonia, but it has now decreased by 0.01% (-1.1%).
Research & development by higher education, as percentage of GDP in Estonia
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Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Estonia
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
1.06%
+0.06%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
-45.86%
-26.71%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
187.84M
-34.36M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.95%
-1.85%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
9,225.17M
+1,128.55M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
53.01M
-19.99M
(2021)
Estonia Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP between 1995 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.59% | -0.01% |
| 2021 | 0.59% | +0.01% |
| 2020 | 0.59% | +0.02% |
| 2019 | 0.57% | -0.06% |
| 2018 | 0.63% | +0.12% |
| 2017 | 0.51% | +0.06% |
| 2016 | 0.44% | -0.17% |
| 2015 | 0.61% | -0.03% |
| 2014 | 0.63% | -0.1% |
| 2013 | 0.73% | +0.05% |
| 2012 | 0.68% | +0.04% |
| 2011 | 0.64% | +0.04% |
| 2010 | 0.6% | +0.01% |
| 2009 | 0.59% | +0.05% |
| 2008 | 0.54% | +0.1% |
| 2007 | 0.44% | -0.01% |
| 2006 | 0.45% | +0.07% |
| 2005 | 0.38% | -0% |
| 2004 | 0.38% | +0.02% |
| 2003 | 0.36% | +0.02% |
| 2002 | 0.34% | -0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.35% | +0.04% |
| 2000 | 0.31% | -0.03% |
| 1999 | 0.35% | +0.03% |
| 1998 | 0.32% | +0.01% |
| 1997 | 0.31% | +0.13% |
| 1996 | 0.18% | +0.02% |
| 1995 | 0.16% |