The latest research & development, percentage of gdp data in Turkey reports 1.32%, an decrease of 0.08% (-5.6%) from 2021.
Research & development, percentage of GDP in Turkey
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More indicators for Turkey
Business R&D women researchers %
28.15%
+0.45%
(2023)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.63%
-0.06%
(2022)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
46.41%
+0.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
17,924.29M
+7,818.67M
(2022)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,253.35M
+691.97M
(2022)
Turkey R&D as percentage of GDP between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1.32% | -0.08% |
| 2021 | 1.4% | +0.03% |
| 2020 | 1.37% | +0.05% |
| 2019 | 1.32% | +0.05% |
| 2018 | 1.27% | +0.09% |
| 2017 | 1.18% | +0.06% |
| 2016 | 1.12% | +0.15% |
| 2015 | 0.97% | +0.11% |
| 2014 | 0.86% | +0.04% |
| 2013 | 0.81% | -0.01% |
| 2012 | 0.83% | +0.03% |
| 2011 | 0.79% | +0% |
| 2010 | 0.79% | -0.01% |
| 2009 | 0.8% | +0.12% |
| 2008 | 0.69% | +0% |
| 2007 | 0.69% | +0.13% |
| 2006 | 0.55% | -0.01% |
| 2005 | 0.56% | +0.07% |
| 2004 | 0.5% | +0.03% |
| 2003 | 0.47% | -0.04% |
| 2002 | 0.51% | -0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.52% | +0.06% |
| 2000 | 0.47% | +0.01% |
| 1999 | 0.46% | +0.09% |
| 1998 | 0.36% | +0.01% |
| 1997 | 0.36% | +0.03% |
| 1996 | 0.33% | +0.05% |
| 1995 | 0.28% | +0.01% |
| 1994 | 0.26% | -0.06% |
| 1993 | 0.32% | -0.03% |
| 1992 | 0.36% | -0.03% |
| 1991 | 0.38% | +0.15% |
| 1990 | 0.24% |