In South Africa, the research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ is now 17,783.63 million, representing a decrease of 561.92 million (-3.1%) since 2020.
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ in South Africa
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $
More indicators for South Africa
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.32%
-0%
(2020)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
-4.23%
-2.94%
(2021)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
20,026.07M
+10,243.47M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
34.58%
+0.08%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
44,560.73M
-2,810.41M
(2020)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,848.41M
+1,963.63M
(2021)
South Africa Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ between 1983 and 2021
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 17,783.63M | -561.92M |
| 2020 | 18,345.54M | -1,515.71M |
| 2019 | 19,861.25M | +542.98M |
| 2018 | 19,318.27M | -507.43M |
| 2017 | 19,825.70M | +1,085.72M |
| 2016 | 18,739.98M | +1,761.60M |
| 2015 | 16,978.38M | +1,778.30M |
| 2014 | 15,200.07M | +1,257.99M |
| 2013 | 13,942.08M | -896.34M |
| 2012 | 14,838.42M | +838.28M |
| 2011 | 14,000.14M | +1,872.86M |
| 2010 | 12,127.28M | +24.04M |
| 2009 | 12,103.24M | +1,297.25M |
| 2008 | 10,805.99M | +735.23M |
| 2007 | 10,070.76M | +141.92M |
| 2006 | 9,928.84M | +1,206.64M |
| 2005 | 8,722.20M | +180.09M |
| 2004 | 8,542.11M | +1,137.43M |
| 2003 | 7,404.68M | -711.28M |
| 2001 | 8,115.96M | +5,229.40M |
| 1997 | 2,886.56M | -555.52M |
| 1993 | 3,442.08M | -3,947.95M |
| 1991 | 7,390.03M | -19.26M |
| 1989 | 7,409.29M | +864.04M |
| 1987 | 6,545.25M | -1,404.29M |
| 1985 | 7,949.55M | +2,857.82M |
| 1983 | 5,091.72M |