1% is the present research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp value in Estonia, reflecting an increase of 0.01% (1.5%) since 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in Estonia
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Estonia
R&D costs in current PPP $
9,225.17M
+1,128.55M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
1.06%
+0.06%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
48.4%
-0.14%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
-45.86%
-26.71%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
187.84M
-34.36M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
53.01M
-19.99M
(2021)
Estonia Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1998 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1% | +0.01% |
| 2021 | 0.99% | +0.02% |
| 2020 | 0.96% | +0.1% |
| 2019 | 0.86% | +0.27% |
| 2018 | 0.6% | -0.01% |
| 2017 | 0.6% | -0.04% |
| 2016 | 0.64% | -0.04% |
| 2015 | 0.68% | +0.05% |
| 2014 | 0.62% | -0.2% |
| 2013 | 0.82% | -0.4% |
| 2012 | 1.22% | -0.23% |
| 2011 | 1.46% | +0.66% |
| 2010 | 0.79% | +0.17% |
| 2009 | 0.62% | +0.08% |
| 2008 | 0.54% | +0.04% |
| 2007 | 0.5% | +0% |
| 2006 | 0.49% | +0.08% |
| 2005 | 0.41% | +0.08% |
| 2004 | 0.33% | +0.07% |
| 2003 | 0.26% | +0.04% |
| 2002 | 0.22% | -0.02% |
| 2001 | 0.23% | +0.1% |
| 2000 | 0.14% | -0.03% |
| 1999 | 0.16% | +0.05% |
| 1998 | 0.11% |