In Iceland, the research & development by higher education, researchers stands at 25,370, reflecting an increase of 3,680 (17.0%) compared to 2018.
            
            
        Research & development by higher education, researchers in Iceland
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            More indicators for Iceland
            
        
        Government R&D  personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
                                    1.57%
                                    
                                        +0.01%
                                    
                                    (2022)
                                
                            Non-profit R&D growth rate
                                    -3.2%
                                    
                                        -2.63%
                                    
                                    (2009)
                                
                            Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
                                    154,963.49M
                                    
                                        -25,404.12M
                                    
                                    (2022)
                                
                            Business R&D women researchers %
                                    35.28%
                                    
                                        +1.33%
                                    
                                    (2021)
                                
                            R&D costs in current PPP $
                                    6,812.20M
                                    
                                        +704.22M
                                    
                                    (2022)
                                
                            Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
                                    2,060.04M
                                    
                                        +1,392.46M
                                    
                                    (2022)
                                
                            
            Iceland Higher Education R&D Researchers between 1997 and 2021
        
        | Period | Value | Change | 
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 25,370 | +3,680 | 
| 2018 | 21,690 | -260 | 
| 2017 | 21,950 | +2,850 | 
| 2013 | 19,100 | +6,000 | 
| 2011 | 13,100 | -390 | 
| 2009 | 13,490 | +313 | 
| 2008 | 13,177 | +567 | 
| 2007 | 12,610 | -1,195 | 
| 2006 | 13,805 | +1,315 | 
| 2005 | 12,490 | +1,650 | 
| 2003 | 10,840 | +660 | 
| 2001 | 10,180 | +180 | 
| 1999 | 10,000 | +930 | 
| 1997 | 9,070 | 
