The present research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index in Estonia is 1,618, a decrease of 26 (-1.6%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Estonia
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index
More indicators for Estonia
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
1.06%
+0.06%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
-45.86%
-26.71%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
187.84M
-34.36M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.95%
-1.85%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
9,225.17M
+1,128.55M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
53.01M
-19.99M
(2021)
Estonia Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1995 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1,618 | -26 |
| 2021 | 1,643 | +125 |
| 2020 | 1,518 | +29 |
| 2019 | 1,489 | -83 |
| 2018 | 1,572 | +352 |
| 2017 | 1,220 | +214 |
| 2016 | 1,007 | -334 |
| 2015 | 1,341 | -33 |
| 2014 | 1,374 | -162 |
| 2013 | 1,536 | +119 |
| 2012 | 1,417 | +127 |
| 2011 | 1,290 | +164 |
| 2010 | 1,126 | +48 |
| 2009 | 1,078 | -75 |
| 2008 | 1,152 | +152 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +51 |
| 2006 | 949 | +222 |
| 2005 | 727 | +55 |
| 2004 | 672 | +81 |
| 2003 | 591 | +73 |
| 2002 | 518 | +16 |
| 2001 | 502 | +80 |
| 2000 | 422 | -1 |
| 1999 | 423 | +35 |
| 1998 | 388 | +27 |
| 1997 | 361 | +175 |
| 1996 | 186 | +30 |
| 1995 | 156 |