The research & development by higher education, as percentage of gdp in Greece is now 0.44%, marking a 0% (0.1%) increase compared to 2021.
Research & development by higher education, as percentage of GDP in Greece
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Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Greece
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.84%
-0.01%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
5.12%
+1.26%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,625.81M
+254.61M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
28.98%
-2.63%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
44,584.54M
+4,311.69M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
920.23M
+200.43M
(2021)
Greece Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.44% | +0% |
| 2021 | 0.44% | -0.04% |
| 2020 | 0.48% | +0.09% |
| 2019 | 0.39% | +0.05% |
| 2018 | 0.34% | +0.02% |
| 2017 | 0.33% | +0.01% |
| 2016 | 0.32% | -0.04% |
| 2015 | 0.37% | +0.05% |
| 2014 | 0.31% | +0.01% |
| 2013 | 0.3% | +0.02% |
| 2012 | 0.28% | +0.01% |
| 2011 | 0.28% | +0.06% |
| 2010 | 0.22% | -0.01% |
| 2009 | 0.23% | +0.01% |
| 2008 | 0.22% | -0.06% |
| 2007 | 0.28% | +0.02% |
| 2006 | 0.27% | -0.01% |
| 2005 | 0.27% | +0.02% |
| 2004 | 0.25% | -0% |
| 2003 | 0.26% | +0% |
| 2001 | 0.25% | -0.03% |
| 1999 | 0.28% | +0.06% |
| 1997 | 0.22% | +0.03% |
| 1995 | 0.18% | +0.02% |
| 1993 | 0.16% | +0.06% |
| 1991 | 0.1% | -0.01% |
| 1989 | 0.11% | +0.05% |
| 1988 | 0.06% | +0.01% |
| 1986 | 0.05% | +0.01% |
| 1983 | 0.04% | +0.02% |
| 1981 | 0.02% |