In Singapore, the research & development by government, capital costs in constant ppp $ stands at 9,429.30 million, reflecting an increase of 325.69 million (3.6%) compared to 2019.
Research & development by government, capital costs in constant PPP $ in Singapore
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Government R&D capital costs in constant PPP $
Singapore Government R&D capital costs in constant PPP $ between 1998 and 2020
| Period | Government R&D capital costs in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 9,429.30M | +325.69M |
| 2019 | 9,103.61M | +1,373.22M |
| 2018 | 7,730.38M | -2,005.98M |
| 2017 | 9,736.37M | -3,813.37M |
| 2016 | 13,549.74M | -845.67M |
| 2015 | 14,395.41M | -287.07M |
| 2014 | 14,682.48M | +2,985.58M |
| 2013 | 11,696.90M | -1,537.83M |
| 2012 | 13,234.73M | +2,806.84M |
| 2011 | 10,427.89M | -974.27M |
| 2010 | 11,402.16M | -919.99M |
| 2009 | 12,322.15M | -15,956.54M |
| 2008 | 28,278.68M | +6,528.37M |
| 2007 | 21,750.31M | +10,257.29M |
| 2006 | 11,493.02M | +1,038.67M |
| 2005 | 10,454.35M | -348.47M |
| 2004 | 10,802.82M | +4,586.74M |
| 2003 | 6,216.09M | -2,755.56M |
| 2002 | 8,971.65M | +1,367.65M |
| 2001 | 7,603.99M | +139.30M |
| 2000 | 7,464.70M | -904.09M |
| 1999 | 8,368.79M | -746.07M |
| 1998 | 9,114.86M |