The research & development by higher education, as percentage of gdp in Poland has reduced to 0.46%, a decrease of 0.03% (-6.3%) from 2021.
Research & development by higher education, as percentage of GDP in Poland
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Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Poland
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.71%
+0.02%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
1.18%
+8.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
18,960.22M
+4,066.30M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.1%
+0.88%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
184,672.20M
+23,990.85M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
938.25M
+346.95M
(2021)
Poland Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP between 1992 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.46% | -0.03% |
| 2021 | 0.5% | +0.01% |
| 2020 | 0.48% | +0.01% |
| 2019 | 0.47% | +0.09% |
| 2018 | 0.38% | +0.04% |
| 2017 | 0.34% | +0.04% |
| 2016 | 0.3% | +0.01% |
| 2015 | 0.29% | +0.01% |
| 2014 | 0.28% | +0.02% |
| 2013 | 0.26% | -0.05% |
| 2012 | 0.31% | +0.04% |
| 2011 | 0.26% | -0.01% |
| 2010 | 0.27% | +0.03% |
| 2009 | 0.25% | +0.04% |
| 2008 | 0.2% | +0.01% |
| 2007 | 0.19% | +0.02% |
| 2006 | 0.17% | -0.01% |
| 2005 | 0.18% | +0% |
| 2004 | 0.18% | +0.01% |
| 2003 | 0.17% | -0.02% |
| 2002 | 0.19% | -0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.2% | +0% |
| 2000 | 0.2% | +0.01% |
| 1999 | 0.19% | +0.01% |
| 1998 | 0.18% | -0% |
| 1997 | 0.18% | +0.01% |
| 1996 | 0.18% | +0.02% |
| 1995 | 0.16% | +0% |
| 1994 | 0.16% | +0.01% |
| 1993 | 0.15% | -0% |
| 1992 | 0.16% |