Spain is currently observing a research & development by higher education, as percentage of gdp of 0.37%, marking a decrease of 0% (-0.5%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by higher education, as percentage of GDP in Spain
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Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Spain
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.89%
-0.01%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
15.25%
-3.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,827.05M
+637.05M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
31.06%
-0.19%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
270,446.74M
+28,295.78M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,777.25M
-132.75M
(2021)
Spain Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.37% | -0% |
| 2021 | 0.38% | -0% |
| 2020 | 0.38% | +0.04% |
| 2019 | 0.33% | +0% |
| 2018 | 0.33% | +0% |
| 2017 | 0.33% | +0% |
| 2016 | 0.33% | -0.02% |
| 2015 | 0.34% | -0.01% |
| 2014 | 0.35% | -0.01% |
| 2013 | 0.36% | -0% |
| 2012 | 0.36% | -0.02% |
| 2011 | 0.38% | -0.01% |
| 2010 | 0.38% | +0% |
| 2009 | 0.38% | +0.03% |
| 2008 | 0.35% | +0.03% |
| 2007 | 0.33% | +0% |
| 2006 | 0.33% | +0.01% |
| 2005 | 0.32% | +0.01% |
| 2004 | 0.31% | -0% |
| 2003 | 0.31% | +0.02% |
| 2002 | 0.29% | +0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.27% | +0.01% |
| 2000 | 0.26% | +0.01% |
| 1999 | 0.25% | -0.01% |
| 1998 | 0.26% | +0% |
| 1997 | 0.25% | +0% |
| 1996 | 0.25% | +0.01% |
| 1995 | 0.25% | +0% |
| 1994 | 0.24% | -0.02% |
| 1993 | 0.26% | +0.02% |
| 1992 | 0.24% | +0.06% |
| 1991 | 0.18% | +0.02% |
| 1990 | 0.16% | +0.02% |
| 1989 | 0.14% | +0.01% |
| 1988 | 0.13% | +0.02% |
| 1987 | 0.11% | +0.01% |
| 1986 | 0.1% | +0% |
| 1985 | 0.1% | +0% |
| 1984 | 0.1% | +0% |
| 1983 | 0.1% | +0% |
| 1982 | 0.1% | +0.01% |
| 1981 | 0.09% |