In Poland, the research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp currently stands at 0.96%, reflecting an increase of 0.05% (6.0%) since 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in Poland
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Poland
R&D costs in current PPP $
184,672.20M
+23,990.85M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.71%
+0.02%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
46.83%
+0.33%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
1.18%
+8.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
18,960.22M
+4,066.30M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
938.25M
+346.95M
(2021)
Poland Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1992 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.96% | +0.05% |
| 2021 | 0.9% | +0.03% |
| 2020 | 0.87% | +0.04% |
| 2019 | 0.83% | +0.03% |
| 2018 | 0.8% | +0.13% |
| 2017 | 0.67% | +0.03% |
| 2016 | 0.64% | +0.17% |
| 2015 | 0.47% | +0.02% |
| 2014 | 0.44% | +0.06% |
| 2013 | 0.39% | +0.05% |
| 2012 | 0.33% | +0.1% |
| 2011 | 0.23% | +0.03% |
| 2010 | 0.19% | +0% |
| 2009 | 0.19% | +0% |
| 2008 | 0.19% | +0.01% |
| 2007 | 0.17% | -0% |
| 2006 | 0.17% | -0% |
| 2005 | 0.18% | +0.02% |
| 2004 | 0.16% | +0.01% |
| 2003 | 0.15% | +0.03% |
| 2002 | 0.11% | -0.11% |
| 2001 | 0.22% | -0.01% |
| 2000 | 0.23% | -0.05% |
| 1999 | 0.28% | +0.01% |
| 1998 | 0.27% | +0.02% |
| 1997 | 0.25% | -0.01% |
| 1996 | 0.26% | +0.02% |
| 1995 | 0.24% | -0.04% |
| 1994 | 0.28% | -0.04% |
| 1993 | 0.32% | -0.09% |
| 1992 | 0.41% |