The present research & development by higher education, as percentage of gdp in Australia is 0.56%, a decrease of 0.05% (-8.3%) compared to 2020.
Research & development by higher education, as percentage of GDP in Australia
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Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP
Australia Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2021
| Period | Higher Education R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 0.56% | -0.05% |
| 2020 | 0.61% | -0.03% |
| 2019 | 0.64% | +0.02% |
| 2018 | 0.62% | +0.01% |
| 2017 | 0.61% | -0.01% |
| 2016 | 0.62% | +0.04% |
| 2015 | 0.58% | -0.05% |
| 2014 | 0.62% | +0% |
| 2013 | 0.62% | -0.01% |
| 2012 | 0.63% | +0.03% |
| 2011 | 0.59% | +0.02% |
| 2010 | 0.58% | +0.03% |
| 2008 | 0.54% | +0.04% |
| 2006 | 0.5% | +0.03% |
| 2004 | 0.47% | +0.04% |
| 2002 | 0.43% | +0.03% |
| 2000 | 0.39% | -0.02% |
| 1998 | 0.41% | -0% |
| 1996 | 0.41% | +0.03% |
| 1995 | 0.39% | +0.02% |
| 1994 | 0.37% | -0.01% |
| 1992 | 0.38% | +0.06% |
| 1990 | 0.32% | +0.03% |
| 1988 | 0.29% | -0.01% |
| 1987 | 0.3% | -0% |
| 1986 | 0.31% | +0.02% |
| 1984 | 0.29% | +0.03% |
| 1981 | 0.26% |