2021 saw a research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp of 0.29% in Romania, a decrease of 0% (-0.1%).
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in Romania
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Romania
R&D costs in current PPP $
31,358.11M
+2,598.45M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.24%
-0%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
51.78%
+1.4%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
-8.73%
-29.19%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
4,049.68M
+1,338.74M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,737.73M
+105.01M
(2021)
Romania Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1993 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.29% | -0% |
| 2021 | 0.29% | +0.01% |
| 2020 | 0.27% | -0% |
| 2019 | 0.28% | -0.02% |
| 2018 | 0.3% | +0.01% |
| 2017 | 0.29% | +0.02% |
| 2016 | 0.27% | +0.05% |
| 2015 | 0.21% | +0.06% |
| 2014 | 0.16% | +0.04% |
| 2013 | 0.12% | -0.06% |
| 2012 | 0.18% | +0.01% |
| 2011 | 0.17% | -0% |
| 2010 | 0.17% | -0.01% |
| 2009 | 0.18% | +0.01% |
| 2008 | 0.17% | -0.05% |
| 2007 | 0.21% | -0.01% |
| 2006 | 0.22% | +0.02% |
| 2005 | 0.21% | -0.01% |
| 2004 | 0.22% | -0.02% |
| 2003 | 0.23% | +0% |
| 2002 | 0.23% | -0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.24% | -0.01% |
| 2000 | 0.25% | -0.04% |
| 1999 | 0.3% | -0.08% |
| 1998 | 0.38% | -0.09% |
| 1997 | 0.47% | -0.03% |
| 1996 | 0.5% | -0.09% |
| 1995 | 0.59% | -0.03% |
| 1994 | 0.62% | -0.08% |
| 1993 | 0.69% |