The current research & development by business enterprise, total r&d personnel as percentage of national total in Spain is 47.66%, which has increased by 0.97% (2.1%) since 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, total R&D personnel as percentage of national total in Spain
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More indicators for Spain
R&D costs in current PPP $
270,446.74M
+28,295.78M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.89%
-0.01%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
44.03%
+0.24%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
15.25%
-3.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,827.05M
+637.05M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,777.25M
-132.75M
(2021)
Spain Business R&D personnel as percentage of national total between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 47.66% | +0.97% |
| 2021 | 46.68% | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 45.19% | -0.81% |
| 2019 | 45.99% | -0.3% |
| 2018 | 46.29% | +1.95% |
| 2017 | 44.34% | +0.56% |
| 2016 | 43.78% | +0.25% |
| 2015 | 43.53% | -0.24% |
| 2014 | 43.77% | +0.17% |
| 2013 | 43.6% | +0.81% |
| 2012 | 42.79% | +1.02% |
| 2011 | 41.77% | +0.23% |
| 2010 | 41.54% | -0.9% |
| 2009 | 42.44% | -1.7% |
| 2008 | 44.14% | +0.61% |
| 2007 | 43.53% | -0.32% |
| 2006 | 43.85% | +0.74% |
| 2005 | 43.11% | -0.81% |
| 2004 | 43.92% | +0.99% |
| 2003 | 42.93% | +0.97% |
| 2002 | 41.96% | +5.01% |
| 2001 | 36.95% | -2.06% |
| 2000 | 39.01% | +1.53% |
| 1999 | 37.48% | +1.78% |
| 1998 | 35.7% | +1.25% |
| 1997 | 34.45% | +0.72% |
| 1996 | 33.73% | -0.73% |
| 1995 | 34.45% | +0.47% |
| 1994 | 33.98% | -2.7% |
| 1993 | 36.68% | -2.31% |
| 1992 | 38.99% | -1.27% |
| 1991 | 40.26% | -0.65% |
| 1990 | 40.91% | -0.04% |
| 1989 | 40.95% | -2.25% |
| 1988 | 43.2% | +1.21% |
| 1987 | 41.99% | -0% |
| 1986 | 41.99% | +0.52% |
| 1985 | 41.47% | +3.23% |
| 1984 | 38.24% | +2.56% |
| 1983 | 35.68% | -0.67% |
| 1982 | 36.35% | +3.2% |
| 1981 | 33.15% |