In Spain, the research & development by higher education, researchers as percentage of national total is now 44.86%, representing a decrease of 0.54% (-1.2%) since 2021.
Research & development by higher education, researchers as percentage of national total in Spain
No matching regions
More indicators for Spain
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.89%
-0.01%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
15.25%
-3.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,827.05M
+637.05M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
31.06%
-0.19%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
270,446.74M
+28,295.78M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,777.25M
-132.75M
(2021)
Spain Higher Education R&D Researchers as percentage of national total between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 44.86% | -0.54% |
| 2021 | 45.41% | -0.83% |
| 2020 | 46.23% | -0.04% |
| 2019 | 46.28% | +0.6% |
| 2018 | 45.68% | -1.27% |
| 2017 | 46.95% | +0.82% |
| 2016 | 46.13% | -0.51% |
| 2015 | 46.64% | -0.12% |
| 2014 | 46.76% | -0.02% |
| 2013 | 46.78% | -0.37% |
| 2012 | 47.15% | -0.6% |
| 2011 | 47.75% | -0.22% |
| 2010 | 47.97% | +0.75% |
| 2009 | 47.21% | +0.08% |
| 2008 | 47.13% | -0.83% |
| 2007 | 47.96% | +0.08% |
| 2006 | 47.88% | -1.36% |
| 2005 | 49.24% | -1.87% |
| 2004 | 51.11% | -2.06% |
| 2003 | 53.17% | -1.71% |
| 2002 | 54.88% | -3.76% |
| 2001 | 58.65% | +3.78% |
| 2000 | 54.86% | -0.1% |
| 1999 | 54.96% | -2.32% |
| 1998 | 57.28% | +0.4% |
| 1997 | 56.88% | -2.88% |
| 1996 | 59.76% | +1.33% |
| 1995 | 58.44% | -1.29% |
| 1994 | 59.73% | +4.37% |
| 1993 | 55.36% | +2.17% |
| 1992 | 53.18% | +2.07% |
| 1991 | 51.12% | +0.94% |
| 1990 | 50.18% | -3.16% |
| 1989 | 53.33% | -0.92% |
| 1988 | 54.26% | -2.8% |
| 1987 | 57.06% | -1.27% |
| 1986 | 58.33% | -5.82% |
| 1985 | 64.14% | -2.03% |
| 1984 | 66.18% | -0.93% |
| 1983 | 67.11% | +3.1% |
| 1982 | 64.01% | -0.4% |
| 1981 | 64.41% |