Spain has observed a 61 (5.2%) increase in the research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index, which now stands at 1,227.
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Spain
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index
More indicators for Spain
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.89%
-0.01%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
15.25%
-3.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,827.05M
+637.05M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
31.06%
-0.19%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
270,446.74M
+28,295.78M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,777.25M
-132.75M
(2021)
Spain Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1,227 | +61 |
| 2021 | 1,166 | +69 |
| 2020 | 1,097 | +4 |
| 2019 | 1,093 | +36 |
| 2018 | 1,057 | +24 |
| 2017 | 1,033 | +31 |
| 2016 | 1,002 | -18 |
| 2015 | 1,020 | +22 |
| 2014 | 999 | -9 |
| 2013 | 1,008 | -23 |
| 2012 | 1,031 | -78 |
| 2011 | 1,109 | -33 |
| 2010 | 1,143 | +16 |
| 2009 | 1,126 | +33 |
| 2008 | 1,093 | +93 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +40 |
| 2006 | 960 | +55 |
| 2005 | 905 | +64 |
| 2004 | 840 | +17 |
| 2003 | 824 | +88 |
| 2002 | 736 | +47 |
| 2001 | 688 | +58 |
| 2000 | 630 | +52 |
| 1999 | 579 | +11 |
| 1998 | 567 | +33 |
| 1997 | 535 | +20 |
| 1996 | 515 | +28 |
| 1995 | 487 | +19 |
| 1994 | 468 | -22 |
| 1993 | 489 | +31 |
| 1992 | 458 | +125 |
| 1991 | 333 | +43 |
| 1990 | 290 | +41 |
| 1989 | 249 | +36 |
| 1988 | 213 | +35 |
| 1987 | 178 | +19 |
| 1986 | 159 | +6 |
| 1985 | 153 | +7 |
| 1984 | 145 | +3 |
| 1983 | 143 | +4 |
| 1982 | 139 | +16 |
| 1981 | 122 |