2021 had a research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index of 944 in Italy, but it has now decreased by 10 (-1.1%).
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Italy
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index
More indicators for Italy
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.95%
-0.08%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
0.64%
-0.01%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
14,853.07M
-5,054.20M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.4%
+1.17%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
384,093.77M
+20,561.37M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,372.94M
-83.30M
(2021)
Italy Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 944 | -10 |
| 2021 | 954 | +58 |
| 2020 | 896 | -33 |
| 2019 | 929 | +14 |
| 2018 | 915 | +14 |
| 2017 | 901 | -5 |
| 2016 | 906 | -19 |
| 2015 | 925 | -36 |
| 2014 | 961 | -29 |
| 2013 | 990 | +21 |
| 2012 | 969 | -2 |
| 2011 | 971 | -12 |
| 2010 | 983 | -33 |
| 2009 | 1,016 | -12 |
| 2008 | 1,028 | +28 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +50 |
| 2006 | 950 | +53 |
| 2005 | 897 | -75 |
| 2004 | 972 | -25 |
| 2003 | 997 | +11 |
| 2002 | 986 | +47 |
| 2001 | 939 | +93 |
| 2000 | 846 | +38 |
| 1999 | 808 | -5 |
| 1998 | 814 | +45 |
| 1997 | 769 | +145 |
| 1996 | 624 | +40 |
| 1995 | 583 | -20 |
| 1994 | 604 | -9 |
| 1993 | 613 | +35 |
| 1992 | 578 | +5 |
| 1991 | 572 | -1 |
| 1990 | 573 | +56 |
| 1989 | 518 | +10 |
| 1988 | 508 | +34 |
| 1987 | 474 | +48 |
| 1986 | 426 | +26 |
| 1985 | 400 | +57 |
| 1984 | 343 | +22 |
| 1983 | 321 | +31 |
| 1982 | 290 | +19 |
| 1981 | 271 |