In Italy, the research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp stands at 0.77% currently, a decrease of 0.08% (-9.9%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in Italy
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Italy
R&D costs in current PPP $
384,093.77M
+20,561.37M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.95%
-0.08%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
42.01%
+0.32%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
0.64%
-0.01%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
14,853.07M
-5,054.20M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,372.94M
-83.30M
(2021)
Italy Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0.77% | -0.08% |
| 2021 | 0.86% | -0.07% |
| 2020 | 0.93% | +0.01% |
| 2019 | 0.92% | +0.02% |
| 2018 | 0.9% | +0.04% |
| 2017 | 0.85% | +0.02% |
| 2016 | 0.83% | +0.05% |
| 2015 | 0.78% | +0.02% |
| 2014 | 0.76% | +0.05% |
| 2013 | 0.71% | +0.03% |
| 2012 | 0.68% | +0.03% |
| 2011 | 0.66% | +0% |
| 2010 | 0.66% | +0.01% |
| 2009 | 0.65% | +0.03% |
| 2008 | 0.62% | +0.04% |
| 2007 | 0.59% | +0.06% |
| 2006 | 0.53% | +0% |
| 2005 | 0.53% | +0.02% |
| 2004 | 0.5% | +0% |
| 2003 | 0.5% | -0.02% |
| 2002 | 0.52% | +0.01% |
| 2001 | 0.51% | +0.01% |
| 2000 | 0.5% | +0.02% |
| 1999 | 0.48% | -0% |
| 1998 | 0.49% | -0.01% |
| 1997 | 0.49% | -0.01% |
| 1996 | 0.51% | +0.01% |
| 1995 | 0.5% | -0.02% |
| 1994 | 0.52% | -0.04% |
| 1993 | 0.56% | -0.05% |
| 1992 | 0.62% | -0.02% |
| 1991 | 0.64% | -0.06% |
| 1990 | 0.7% | +0.02% |
| 1989 | 0.68% | +0.02% |
| 1988 | 0.66% | +0.02% |
| 1987 | 0.64% | +0.02% |
| 1986 | 0.62% | +0.02% |
| 1985 | 0.6% | +0.07% |
| 1984 | 0.54% | +0.03% |
| 1983 | 0.51% | +0.03% |
| 1982 | 0.48% | +0.02% |
| 1981 | 0.47% |