2021 saw a research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp of 1.99% in the United Kingdom, a decrease of 0.06% (-3.0%).
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in the United Kingdom
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for the United Kingdom
R&D costs in current PPP $
342,869.03M
+26,778.23M
(2013)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.73%
+0.04%
(2013)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
47.41%
+1.04%
(2019)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
8.5%
+4.65%
(2021)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
51,218.60M
-9,962.30M
(2022)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,294.90M
-8.20M
(2021)
United Kingdom Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1.99% | -0.06% |
| 2021 | 2.05% | -0.04% |
| 2020 | 2.09% | +0.2% |
| 2019 | 1.89% | -0.02% |
| 2018 | 1.9% | +0.11% |
| 2017 | 1.79% | +0% |
| 2016 | 1.79% | +0.06% |
| 2015 | 1.73% | +0.04% |
| 2014 | 1.69% | +0.66% |
| 2013 | 1.04% | +0.04% |
| 2012 | 1% | -0.05% |
| 2011 | 1.05% | +0.05% |
| 2010 | 1% | -0.01% |
| 2009 | 1.01% | +0.01% |
| 2008 | 1% | -0.01% |
| 2007 | 1.01% | +0.04% |
| 2006 | 0.97% | +0.02% |
| 2005 | 0.95% | -0.01% |
| 2004 | 0.96% | -0.05% |
| 2003 | 1.01% | -0.04% |
| 2002 | 1.05% | +0% |
| 2001 | 1.05% | -0% |
| 2000 | 1.05% | -0.04% |
| 1999 | 1.08% | +0.07% |
| 1998 | 1.01% | +0.01% |
| 1997 | 1% | -0.02% |
| 1996 | 1.02% | -0.05% |
| 1995 | 1.07% | -0.12% |
| 1994 | 1.19% | -0.05% |
| 1993 | 1.23% | +0.02% |
| 1992 | 1.21% | -0.04% |
| 1991 | 1.26% | -0.1% |
| 1990 | 1.35% | +0% |
| 1989 | 1.35% | -0% |
| 1988 | 1.35% | -0.04% |
| 1987 | 1.39% | -0.06% |
| 1986 | 1.45% | +0.11% |
| 1985 | 1.34% | +0.05% |
| 1983 | 1.29% | -0.12% |
| 1981 | 1.41% |