The research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of gdp in Germany has reached 2.11%, signifying a 0.02% (0.8%) increase compared to 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, as percentage of GDP in Germany
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Business R&D as percentage of GDP
More indicators for Germany
R&D costs in current PPP $
1,479,081.26M
+77,021.65M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
1.94%
+0.04%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
41.44%
+0.79%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
7.81%
+9.62%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
59,822.55M
-513.58M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
10,120.47M
+1,554.23M
(2021)
Germany Business R&D as percentage of GDP between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D as percentage of GDP | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2.11% | +0.02% |
| 2021 | 2.09% | +0.01% |
| 2020 | 2.09% | -0.1% |
| 2019 | 2.18% | +0.04% |
| 2018 | 2.14% | +0.04% |
| 2017 | 2.11% | +0.1% |
| 2016 | 2% | -0.01% |
| 2015 | 2.01% | +0.07% |
| 2014 | 1.95% | +0.04% |
| 2013 | 1.91% | -0.05% |
| 2012 | 1.96% | +0.06% |
| 2011 | 1.9% | +0.07% |
| 2010 | 1.83% | -0.02% |
| 2009 | 1.85% | +0.04% |
| 2008 | 1.81% | +0.09% |
| 2007 | 1.72% | -0% |
| 2006 | 1.73% | +0.04% |
| 2005 | 1.69% | -0.01% |
| 2004 | 1.7% | -0.02% |
| 2003 | 1.72% | +0.04% |
| 2002 | 1.68% | +0.01% |
| 2001 | 1.67% | -0.02% |
| 2000 | 1.69% | +0.06% |
| 1999 | 1.63% | +0.13% |
| 1998 | 1.51% | +0.03% |
| 1997 | 1.47% | +0.06% |
| 1996 | 1.42% | +0% |
| 1995 | 1.42% | -0% |
| 1994 | 1.42% | -0.06% |
| 1993 | 1.48% | -0.08% |
| 1992 | 1.56% | -0.09% |
| 1991 | 1.66% | -0.22% |
| 1990 | 1.88% | -0.08% |
| 1989 | 1.96% | -0.02% |
| 1988 | 1.98% | +0.01% |
| 1987 | 1.97% | +0.07% |
| 1986 | 1.9% | +0.03% |
| 1985 | 1.86% | +0.14% |
| 1984 | 1.72% | +0.03% |
| 1983 | 1.69% | -0.01% |
| 1982 | 1.7% | +0.08% |
| 1981 | 1.62% |