The research & development by higher education, total r&d personnel as percentage of national total in Spain is currently 34.94%, a decrease of 0.43% (-1.2%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by higher education, total R&D personnel as percentage of national total in Spain
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More indicators for Spain
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.89%
-0.01%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
15.25%
-3.51%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
6,827.05M
+637.05M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
31.06%
-0.19%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
270,446.74M
+28,295.78M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,777.25M
-132.75M
(2021)
Spain Higher Education R&D total R&D personnel as percentage of national total between 1989 and 2022
| Period | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 34.94% | -0.43% |
| 2021 | 35.37% | -1.02% |
| 2020 | 36.38% | +0.5% |
| 2019 | 35.89% | +0.3% |
| 2018 | 35.59% | -1.16% |
| 2017 | 36.75% | +0.23% |
| 2016 | 36.52% | +0.02% |
| 2015 | 36.51% | -0.17% |
| 2014 | 36.67% | -0.18% |
| 2013 | 36.85% | -0.13% |
| 2012 | 36.99% | -0.63% |
| 2011 | 37.61% | +0.1% |
| 2010 | 37.52% | +0.74% |
| 2009 | 36.78% | +0.22% |
| 2008 | 36.56% | -0.81% |
| 2007 | 37.37% | -0.18% |
| 2006 | 37.54% | -0.79% |
| 2005 | 38.33% | -0.78% |
| 2004 | 39.11% | -0.7% |
| 2003 | 39.81% | -0.58% |
| 2002 | 40.39% | -3.04% |
| 2001 | 43.44% | +2.42% |
| 2000 | 41.01% | +1.28% |
| 1999 | 39.74% | -2.53% |
| 1998 | 42.27% | -0.01% |
| 1997 | 42.28% | -2.37% |
| 1996 | 44.64% | +1.72% |
| 1995 | 42.92% | -0.17% |
| 1994 | 43.09% | +3.69% |
| 1993 | 39.4% | +1.82% |
| 1992 | 37.58% | +2.55% |
| 1991 | 35.02% | +1.08% |
| 1990 | 33.94% | -1.68% |
| 1989 | 35.63% |