The research & development by business enterprise, computer, electronic and optical in constant ppp $ in Turkey has reached 3,490.43 million, signifying a 836.86 million (31.5%) increase compared to 2020.
Research & development by business enterprise, computer, electronic and optical in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Similar regions to Turkey
Business R&D computer, electronic and optical in constant PPP $
More indicators for Turkey
Government R&D in security as % of government support
8.37%
+1.22%
(2021)
Higher-education-finacing R&D financed by general university in local currency
296,259.07M
+138,306.86M
(2022)
R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
26,425.12M
+10,976.51M
(2022)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,253.35M
+691.97M
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
17,924.29M
+7,818.67M
(2022)
Turkey Business R&D computer, electronic and optical in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2021
| Period | Business R&D computer, electronic and optical in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 3,490.43M | +836.86M |
| 2020 | 2,653.57M | +35.46M |
| 2019 | 2,618.11M | +160.20M |
| 2018 | 2,457.91M | +430.92M |
| 2017 | 2,027.00M | +272.97M |
| 2016 | 1,754.02M | +497.43M |
| 2015 | 1,256.60M | +1,013.62M |
| 2014 | 242.97M | -38.48M |
| 2013 | 281.45M | +69.22M |
| 2012 | 212.24M | +43.30M |
| 2011 | 168.94M | +18.26M |
| 2010 | 150.68M | -440.19M |
| 2009 | 590.87M | +3.37M |
| 2008 | 587.50M | +24.88M |
| 2007 | 562.62M | +142.91M |
| 2006 | 419.71M | -1.53M |
| 2005 | 421.24M | +160.85M |
| 2004 | 260.38M | +35.22M |
| 2003 | 225.16M | -143.21M |
| 2002 | 368.36M | +67.23M |
| 2001 | 301.13M | +2.27M |
| 2000 | 298.86M | +92.95M |
| 1999 | 205.91M | +34.80M |
| 1998 | 171.10M | -7.48M |
| 1997 | 178.58M | -36.03M |
| 1996 | 214.61M | +21.73M |
| 1995 | 192.88M | +9.21M |
| 1994 | 183.67M | -12.59M |
| 1993 | 196.26M | +11.21M |
| 1992 | 185.05M | +19.34M |
| 1991 | 165.71M | +79.94M |
| 1990 | 85.77M |