The research & development by business enterprise, manufacturing in constant ppp $ in Turkey has reached 12,997.33 million, signifying a 2,598.58 million (25.0%) increase compared to 2020.
Research & development by business enterprise, manufacturing in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Business R&D manufacturing in constant PPP $
More indicators for Turkey
Government R&D in security as % of government support
8.37%
+1.22%
(2021)
Higher-education-finacing R&D financed by general university in local currency
296,259.07M
+138,306.86M
(2022)
R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
26,425.12M
+10,976.51M
(2022)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,253.35M
+691.97M
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
17,924.29M
+7,818.67M
(2022)
Turkey Business R&D manufacturing in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2021
| Period | Business R&D manufacturing in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 12,997.33M | +2,598.58M |
| 2020 | 10,398.75M | -97.78M |
| 2019 | 10,496.53M | +1,308.34M |
| 2018 | 9,188.19M | +1,463.32M |
| 2017 | 7,724.87M | +973.04M |
| 2016 | 6,751.83M | +1,036.50M |
| 2015 | 5,715.33M | +1,502.34M |
| 2014 | 4,212.99M | +615.70M |
| 2013 | 3,597.28M | +289.24M |
| 2012 | 3,308.05M | +385.38M |
| 2011 | 2,922.67M | +417.65M |
| 2010 | 2,505.02M | -148.27M |
| 2009 | 2,653.29M | -214.95M |
| 2008 | 2,868.24M | +68.60M |
| 2007 | 2,799.64M | +763.96M |
| 2006 | 2,035.68M | +242.02M |
| 2005 | 1,793.66M | +605.83M |
| 2004 | 1,187.83M | +225.70M |
| 2003 | 962.14M | -278.01M |
| 2002 | 1,240.15M | -143.72M |
| 2001 | 1,383.87M | +107.94M |
| 2000 | 1,275.93M | -95.77M |
| 1999 | 1,371.70M | +482.91M |
| 1998 | 888.79M | +60.34M |
| 1997 | 828.45M | +166.52M |
| 1996 | 661.93M | +199.91M |
| 1995 | 462.01M | +33.47M |
| 1994 | 428.54M | -68.37M |
| 1993 | 496.91M | -38.76M |
| 1992 | 535.67M | +48.44M |
| 1991 | 487.23M | +184.04M |
| 1990 | 303.20M |