The research & development by business enterprise, services in constant ppp $ in Turkey is now 9,477.15 million, marking a 1,963.99 million (26.1%) increase compared to 2020.
Research & development by business enterprise, services in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Business R&D services in constant PPP $
More indicators for Turkey
Government R&D in security as % of government support
8.37%
+1.22%
(2021)
Higher-education-finacing R&D financed by general university in local currency
296,259.07M
+138,306.86M
(2022)
R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
26,425.12M
+10,976.51M
(2022)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
1,253.35M
+691.97M
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
17,924.29M
+7,818.67M
(2022)
Turkey Business R&D services in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2021
| Period | Business R&D services in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 9,477.15M | +1,963.99M |
| 2020 | 7,513.15M | +1,042.79M |
| 2019 | 6,470.36M | +319.11M |
| 2018 | 6,151.25M | +895.61M |
| 2017 | 5,255.64M | +588.80M |
| 2016 | 4,666.85M | +907.39M |
| 2015 | 3,759.46M | -49.46M |
| 2014 | 3,808.92M | +514.99M |
| 2013 | 3,293.93M | +473.19M |
| 2012 | 2,820.73M | +352.87M |
| 2011 | 2,467.86M | +186.35M |
| 2010 | 2,281.51M | +737.88M |
| 2009 | 1,543.62M | +225.03M |
| 2008 | 1,318.60M | +250.88M |
| 2007 | 1,067.72M | +456.67M |
| 2006 | 611.05M | +93.21M |
| 2005 | 517.84M | +363.86M |
| 2004 | 153.98M | +17.39M |
| 2003 | 136.60M | -4.29M |
| 2002 | 140.89M | -42.90M |
| 2001 | 183.79M | -9.20M |
| 2000 | 193.00M | +40.70M |
| 1999 | 152.29M | +21.72M |
| 1998 | 130.58M | -15.82M |
| 1997 | 146.40M | +129.14M |
| 1996 | 17.26M | +3.99M |
| 1995 | 13.27M | +0.25M |
| 1994 | 13.02M | -21.91M |
| 1993 | 34.94M | +3.59M |
| 1992 | 31.35M | +10.90M |
| 1991 | 20.45M | +16.88M |
| 1990 | 3.57M |