In Turkey, the research & development by business enterprise, financed by business enterprise in constant ppp $ stands at 184,523.19 million currently, a decrease of 16,440.30 million (-8.2%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, financed by business enterprise in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Business R&D financed by business enterprise in constant PPP $
Turkey Business R&D financed by business enterprise in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D financed by business enterprise in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 184,523.19M | -16,440.30M |
| 2021 | 200,963.50M | +41,527.82M |
| 2020 | 159,435.67M | +8,023.47M |
| 2019 | 151,412.21M | +13,569.30M |
| 2018 | 137,842.90M | +23,049.63M |
| 2017 | 114,793.28M | +14,804.32M |
| 2016 | 99,988.95M | +14,561.44M |
| 2015 | 85,427.52M | +12,636.49M |
| 2014 | 72,791.03M | +9,598.41M |
| 2013 | 63,192.62M | +7,282.01M |
| 2012 | 55,910.61M | +6,462.99M |
| 2011 | 49,447.62M | +6,724.13M |
| 2010 | 42,723.49M | +7,614.42M |
| 2009 | 35,109.07M | -2,056.06M |
| 2008 | 37,165.13M | +2,310.55M |
| 2007 | 34,854.58M | +10,626.06M |
| 2006 | 24,228.52M | +2,933.94M |
| 2005 | 21,294.58M | +8,419.35M |
| 2004 | 12,875.23M | +2,340.82M |
| 2003 | 10,534.41M | -2,853.16M |
| 2002 | 13,387.58M | -2,041.86M |
| 2001 | 15,429.43M | +1,498.72M |
| 2000 | 13,930.72M | +430.43M |
| 1999 | 13,500.29M | +3,105.72M |
| 1998 | 10,394.57M | +425.72M |
| 1997 | 9,968.85M | +2,964.99M |
| 1996 | 7,003.86M | +2,310.35M |
| 1995 | 4,693.51M | +243.04M |
| 1994 | 4,450.46M | -1,211.91M |
| 1993 | 5,662.38M | -429.97M |
| 1992 | 6,092.35M | +597.54M |
| 1991 | 5,494.81M | +2,295.36M |
| 1990 | 3,199.45M |