The research & development by business enterprise, financed by higher education in constant ppp $ in Turkey currently stands at 72.73 million, indicating a decrease of 41.65 million (-36.4%) since 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, financed by higher Education in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Business R&D financed by higher Education in constant PPP $
Turkey Business R&D financed by higher Education in constant PPP $ between 1992 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D financed by higher Education in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 72.73M | -41.65M |
| 2021 | 114.38M | -88.53M |
| 2020 | 202.91M | +152.42M |
| 2019 | 50.49M | -183.79M |
| 2018 | 234.28M | -95.97M |
| 2017 | 330.25M | +197.54M |
| 2016 | 132.70M | +7.82M |
| 2015 | 124.88M | +51.12M |
| 2014 | 73.76M | -66.19M |
| 2013 | 139.96M | +10.39M |
| 2012 | 129.57M | +85.08M |
| 2011 | 44.50M | -50.08M |
| 2010 | 94.58M | +19.58M |
| 2009 | 75.00M | +44.34M |
| 2008 | 30.66M | -80.38M |
| 2007 | 111.04M | -159.03M |
| 2006 | 270.08M | -204.53M |
| 2005 | 474.61M | +367.73M |
| 2004 | 106.88M | +24.19M |
| 2003 | 82.69M | -75.46M |
| 2002 | 158.15M | +62.09M |
| 2001 | 96.06M | -115.31M |
| 2000 | 211.37M | +146.84M |
| 1999 | 64.52M | -65.99M |
| 1998 | 130.51M | -76.32M |
| 1997 | 206.84M | +161.81M |
| 1996 | 45.03M | -28.61M |
| 1995 | 73.64M | -17.59M |
| 1994 | 91.23M | +50.07M |
| 1993 | 41.16M | +35.27M |
| 1992 | 5.89M |