The research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ in Turkey has dropped to 124,881.56 million, which is a decrease of 1,958.31 million (-1.5%) since 2021.
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $
More indicators for Turkey
Turkey Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 124,881.56M | -1,958.31M |
| 2021 | 126,839.87M | +616.26M |
| 2020 | 126,223.61M | +7,393.81M |
| 2019 | 118,829.80M | +2,450.67M |
| 2018 | 116,379.12M | +4,635.41M |
| 2017 | 111,743.71M | +12,357.16M |
| 2016 | 99,386.55M | +18,494.38M |
| 2015 | 80,892.17M | +14,719.56M |
| 2014 | 66,172.62M | +4,080.66M |
| 2013 | 62,091.96M | +1,375.63M |
| 2012 | 60,716.33M | +3,008.97M |
| 2011 | 57,707.36M | +5,228.79M |
| 2010 | 52,478.57M | +1,962.87M |
| 2009 | 50,515.69M | +8,563.56M |
| 2008 | 41,952.13M | -3,714.73M |
| 2007 | 45,666.86M | +8,370.34M |
| 2006 | 37,296.53M | -563.52M |
| 2005 | 37,860.05M | -200.03M |
| 2004 | 38,060.08M | +6,346.38M |
| 2003 | 31,713.71M | -78.57M |
| 2002 | 31,792.27M | +3,707.17M |
| 2001 | 28,085.10M | +869.14M |
| 2000 | 27,215.96M | +4,411.36M |
| 1999 | 22,804.60M | +2,092.55M |
| 1998 | 20,712.05M | +2,177.75M |
| 1997 | 18,534.30M | +1,328.55M |
| 1996 | 17,205.75M | +2,172.97M |
| 1995 | 15,032.78M | +2,149.33M |
| 1994 | 12,883.45M | -3,927.68M |
| 1993 | 16,811.13M | -557.47M |
| 1992 | 17,368.60M | -1,167.38M |
| 1991 | 18,535.98M | +7,455.63M |
| 1990 | 11,080.34M |