The research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index in Turkey has reduced to 2,735, a decrease of 43 (-1.5%) from 2021.
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Turkey
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index
More indicators for Turkey
Turkey Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2,735 | -43 |
| 2021 | 2,778 | +13 |
| 2020 | 2,764 | +162 |
| 2019 | 2,602 | +54 |
| 2018 | 2,548 | +102 |
| 2017 | 2,447 | +271 |
| 2016 | 2,176 | +405 |
| 2015 | 1,771 | +322 |
| 2014 | 1,449 | +89 |
| 2013 | 1,360 | +30 |
| 2012 | 1,330 | +66 |
| 2011 | 1,264 | +114 |
| 2010 | 1,149 | +43 |
| 2009 | 1,106 | +188 |
| 2008 | 919 | -81 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +183 |
| 2006 | 817 | -12 |
| 2005 | 829 | -4 |
| 2004 | 833 | +139 |
| 2003 | 694 | -2 |
| 2002 | 696 | +81 |
| 2001 | 615 | +19 |
| 2000 | 596 | +97 |
| 1999 | 499 | +46 |
| 1998 | 454 | +48 |
| 1997 | 406 | +29 |
| 1996 | 377 | +48 |
| 1995 | 329 | +47 |
| 1994 | 282 | -86 |
| 1993 | 368 | -12 |
| 1992 | 380 | -26 |
| 1991 | 406 | +163 |
| 1990 | 243 |