The research & development by business enterprise, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index in Turkey has reduced to 5,809, a decrease of 14 (-0.2%) from 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Turkey
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Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index
Turkey Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 5,809 | -14 |
| 2021 | 5,823 | +1,189 |
| 2020 | 4,634 | +222 |
| 2019 | 4,413 | +428 |
| 2018 | 3,984 | +609 |
| 2017 | 3,375 | +409 |
| 2016 | 2,966 | +501 |
| 2015 | 2,465 | +387 |
| 2014 | 2,078 | +287 |
| 2013 | 1,791 | +196 |
| 2012 | 1,595 | +194 |
| 2011 | 1,401 | +160 |
| 2010 | 1,241 | +151 |
| 2009 | 1,089 | +7 |
| 2008 | 1,082 | +82 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +312 |
| 2006 | 688 | +89 |
| 2005 | 600 | +253 |
| 2004 | 347 | +63 |
| 2003 | 284 | -79 |
| 2002 | 363 | -48 |
| 2001 | 411 | +26 |
| 2000 | 385 | -16 |
| 1999 | 401 | +128 |
| 1998 | 273 | +6 |
| 1997 | 267 | +84 |
| 1996 | 184 | +52 |
| 1995 | 131 | +9 |
| 1994 | 122 | -25 |
| 1993 | 147 | -11 |
| 1992 | 157 | +17 |
| 1991 | 141 | +58 |
| 1990 | 83 |