The research & development by higher education, growth rate in Turkey is now at -1.54%, indicating a decrease of 2.03% (-416.2%) since 2021.
Research & development by higher education, growth rate in Turkey
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Higher Education R&D growth rate
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Turkey Higher Education R&D growth rate between 1991 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D growth rate | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | -1.54% | -2.03% |
| 2021 | 0.49% | -5.73% |
| 2020 | 6.22% | +4.12% |
| 2019 | 2.11% | -2.04% |
| 2018 | 4.15% | -8.29% |
| 2017 | 12.43% | -9.81% |
| 2015 | 22.24% | +15.67% |
| 2014 | 6.57% | +4.31% |
| 2013 | 2.27% | -2.95% |
| 2012 | 5.21% | -4.75% |
| 2011 | 9.96% | +6.08% |
| 2010 | 3.89% | -16.53% |
| 2009 | 20.41% | +28.55% |
| 2008 | -8.13% | -30.58% |
| 2007 | 22.44% | +23.93% |
| 2006 | -1.49% | -0.96% |
| 2005 | -0.53% | -20.54% |
| 2004 | 20.01% | +20.26% |
| 2003 | -0.25% | -13.45% |
| 2002 | 13.2% | +10.01% |
| 2001 | 3.19% | -16.15% |
| 2000 | 19.34% | +9.24% |
| 1999 | 10.1% | -1.65% |
| 1998 | 11.75% | +4.03% |
| 1997 | 7.72% | -6.73% |
| 1996 | 14.45% | -2.23% |
| 1995 | 16.68% | +40.05% |
| 1994 | -23.36% | -20.15% |
| 1993 | -3.21% | +3.09% |
| 1992 | -6.3% | -73.58% |
| 1991 | 67.29% |