The research & development by business enterprise, total in constant ppp $ in Turkey is now at 227,181.32 million, indicating a decrease of 556.64 million (-0.2%) since 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, total in constant PPP $ in Turkey
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Business R&D total in constant PPP $
Turkey Business R&D total in constant PPP $ between 1990 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D total in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 227,181.32M | -556.64M |
| 2021 | 227,737.96M | +46,490.73M |
| 2020 | 181,247.22M | +8,665.72M |
| 2019 | 172,581.51M | +16,758.26M |
| 2018 | 155,823.25M | +23,813.10M |
| 2017 | 132,010.14M | +16,008.96M |
| 2016 | 116,001.19M | +19,592.92M |
| 2015 | 96,408.27M | +15,138.40M |
| 2014 | 81,269.87M | +11,215.45M |
| 2013 | 70,054.42M | +7,674.72M |
| 2012 | 62,379.69M | +7,585.37M |
| 2011 | 54,794.32M | +6,267.53M |
| 2010 | 48,526.80M | +5,918.20M |
| 2009 | 42,608.60M | +273.07M |
| 2008 | 42,335.53M | +3,225.15M |
| 2007 | 39,110.38M | +12,189.86M |
| 2006 | 26,920.51M | +3,467.44M |
| 2005 | 23,453.07M | +9,893.07M |
| 2004 | 13,560.00M | +2,454.59M |
| 2003 | 11,105.40M | -3,085.68M |
| 2002 | 14,191.08M | -1,895.83M |
| 2001 | 16,086.91M | +1,011.46M |
| 2000 | 15,075.45M | -620.31M |
| 1999 | 15,695.76M | +5,000.82M |
| 1998 | 10,694.94M | +236.41M |
| 1997 | 10,458.53M | +3,273.64M |
| 1996 | 7,184.89M | +2,043.56M |
| 1995 | 5,141.33M | +368.47M |
| 1994 | 4,772.86M | -960.61M |
| 1993 | 5,733.48M | -424.54M |
| 1992 | 6,158.01M | +656.56M |
| 1991 | 5,501.45M | +2,270.23M |
| 1990 | 3,231.22M |