In Italy, the current research & development by business enterprise, total in constant ppp $ 2017 index is 1,305, which reflects a decrease of 88 (-6.3%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by business enterprise, total in constant PPP $ 2017 index in Italy
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Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index
More indicators for Italy
R&D costs in current PPP $
384,093.77M
+20,561.37M
(2021)
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.95%
-0.08%
(2021)
Higher Education R&D women researchers %
42.01%
+0.32%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
0.64%
-0.01%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
14,853.07M
-5,054.20M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,372.94M
-83.30M
(2021)
Italy Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Business R&D total in constant PPP $ 2017 index | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 1,305 | -88 |
| 2021 | 1,393 | -2 |
| 2020 | 1,394 | -125 |
| 2019 | 1,519 | +46 |
| 2018 | 1,473 | +86 |
| 2017 | 1,386 | +61 |
| 2016 | 1,325 | +99 |
| 2015 | 1,226 | +41 |
| 2014 | 1,185 | +73 |
| 2013 | 1,113 | +24 |
| 2012 | 1,089 | +11 |
| 2011 | 1,078 | +8 |
| 2010 | 1,070 | +30 |
| 2009 | 1,040 | -11 |
| 2008 | 1,051 | +51 |
| 2007 | 1,000 | +110 |
| 2006 | 890 | +20 |
| 2005 | 870 | +46 |
| 2004 | 824 | +14 |
| 2003 | 809 | -35 |
| 2002 | 844 | +21 |
| 2001 | 823 | +29 |
| 2000 | 794 | +58 |
| 1999 | 736 | +9 |
| 1998 | 728 | +4 |
| 1997 | 724 | -7 |
| 1996 | 731 | +20 |
| 1995 | 711 | -9 |
| 1994 | 720 | -45 |
| 1993 | 765 | -78 |
| 1992 | 843 | -22 |
| 1991 | 865 | -71 |
| 1990 | 937 | +42 |
| 1989 | 895 | +56 |
| 1988 | 839 | +60 |
| 1987 | 780 | +45 |
| 1986 | 735 | +44 |
| 1985 | 691 | +92 |
| 1984 | 599 | +46 |
| 1983 | 553 | +37 |
| 1982 | 516 | +19 |
| 1981 | 497 |