2021 saw a research & development by higher education, total in constant ppp $ of 78,060.12 million in Italy, a decrease of 861.33 million (-1.1%).
Research & development by higher education, total in constant PPP $ in Italy
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Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $
More indicators for Italy
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.95%
-0.08%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
0.64%
-0.01%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
14,853.07M
-5,054.20M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.4%
+1.17%
(2021)
R&D costs in current PPP $
384,093.77M
+20,561.37M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,372.94M
-83.30M
(2021)
Italy Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Higher Education R&D in constant PPP $ | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 78,060.12M | -861.33M |
| 2021 | 78,921.44M | +4,826.41M |
| 2020 | 74,095.04M | -2,728.57M |
| 2019 | 76,823.60M | +1,173.88M |
| 2018 | 75,649.73M | +1,116.83M |
| 2017 | 74,532.90M | -384.98M |
| 2016 | 74,917.88M | -1,609.12M |
| 2015 | 76,527.00M | -2,939.21M |
| 2014 | 79,466.21M | -2,411.74M |
| 2013 | 81,877.95M | +1,715.79M |
| 2012 | 80,162.16M | -127.19M |
| 2011 | 80,289.35M | -978.13M |
| 2010 | 81,267.48M | -2,732.10M |
| 2009 | 83,999.58M | -1,032.55M |
| 2008 | 85,032.12M | +2,339.17M |
| 2007 | 82,692.96M | +4,141.68M |
| 2006 | 78,551.28M | +4,347.00M |
| 2005 | 74,204.28M | -6,203.96M |
| 2004 | 80,408.24M | -2,064.57M |
| 2003 | 82,472.81M | +942.78M |
| 2002 | 81,530.03M | +3,901.93M |
| 2001 | 77,628.10M | +7,654.72M |
| 2000 | 69,973.37M | +3,124.38M |
| 1999 | 66,848.99M | -426.25M |
| 1998 | 67,275.24M | +3,681.66M |
| 1997 | 63,593.58M | +12,015.46M |
| 1996 | 51,578.11M | +3,327.09M |
| 1995 | 48,251.03M | -1,683.48M |
| 1994 | 49,934.51M | -744.28M |
| 1993 | 50,678.79M | +2,908.20M |
| 1992 | 47,770.59M | +446.16M |
| 1991 | 47,324.43M | -69.07M |
| 1990 | 47,393.50M | +4,592.09M |
| 1989 | 42,801.42M | +823.56M |
| 1988 | 41,977.86M | +2,810.04M |
| 1987 | 39,167.82M | +3,933.12M |
| 1986 | 35,234.70M | +2,150.21M |
| 1985 | 33,084.49M | +4,752.74M |
| 1984 | 28,331.76M | +1,799.94M |
| 1983 | 26,531.81M | +2,523.24M |
| 1982 | 24,008.58M | +1,561.56M |
| 1981 | 22,447.01M |