In Italy, the research & development by higher education, total in national currency stands at 63,858.58 million, reflecting an increase of 1,541.64 million (2.5%) compared to 2021.
Research & development by higher education, total in national currency in Italy
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More indicators for Italy
Government R&D personnel labour costs as percentage of GDP
0.95%
-0.08%
(2021)
Non-profit R&D growth rate
0.64%
-0.01%
(2022)
Business R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
14,853.07M
-5,054.20M
(2021)
Business R&D women researchers %
24.4%
+0%
(2022)
R&D costs in current PPP $
384,093.77M
+20,561.37M
(2021)
Government R&D financed by rest of the world in local currency
2,372.94M
-83.30M
(2021)
Italy Higher Education R&D in national currency between 1981 and 2022
| Period | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 63,858.58M | +1,541.64M |
| 2021 | 62,316.94M | +4,538.04M |
| 2020 | 57,778.90M | -1,196.40M |
| 2019 | 58,975.30M | +1,440.89M |
| 2018 | 57,534.41M | +1,448.46M |
| 2017 | 56,085.95M | +116.83M |
| 2016 | 55,969.12M | -560.88M |
| 2015 | 56,530.00M | -1,629.21M |
| 2014 | 58,159.21M | -1,222.79M |
| 2013 | 59,382.00M | +1,904.00M |
| 2012 | 57,478.00M | +786.00M |
| 2011 | 56,692.00M | +217.00M |
| 2010 | 56,475.00M | -1,645.00M |
| 2009 | 58,120.00M | +257.00M |
| 2008 | 57,863.00M | +2,911.00M |
| 2007 | 54,952.00M | +4,015.00M |
| 2006 | 50,937.00M | +3,820.00M |
| 2005 | 47,117.00M | -2,933.00M |
| 2004 | 50,050.00M | +50.00M |
| 2003 | 50,000.00M | +2,080.00M |
| 2002 | 47,920.00M | +3,740.00M |
| 2001 | 44,180.00M | +5,529.00M |
| 2000 | 38,651.00M | +2,376.00M |
| 1999 | 36,275.00M | +321.00M |
| 1998 | 35,954.00M | +2,765.00M |
| 1997 | 33,189.00M | +6,944.57M |
| 1996 | 26,244.43M | +2,751.87M |
| 1995 | 23,492.56M | +321.57M |
| 1994 | 23,170.98M | +459.19M |
| 1993 | 22,711.79M | +2,104.12M |
| 1992 | 20,607.67M | +1,046.90M |
| 1991 | 19,560.77M | +1,351.92M |
| 1990 | 18,208.84M | +3,110.21M |
| 1989 | 15,098.64M | +1,154.68M |
| 1988 | 13,943.96M | +1,744.72M |
| 1987 | 12,199.24M | +1,847.10M |
| 1986 | 10,352.14M | +1,308.93M |
| 1985 | 9,043.20M | +1,949.88M |
| 1984 | 7,093.32M | +1,096.06M |
| 1983 | 5,997.26M | +1,282.18M |
| 1982 | 4,715.08M | +964.56M |
| 1981 | 3,750.53M |